应用思考-教育技术论坛
标题:
电视教材编导与制作
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作者:
wanghui
时间:
2008-12-28 09:40
标题:
电视教材编导与制作
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1.<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教育电视发展的几个阶段</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">闭路教育电视的出现</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">广播电视设备系统用于教育领域</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">闭路教育电视的迅速发展和广泛</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">应用</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">卫星教育电视的发展</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2.<span style=""> </span></font></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教育电视发展的原因</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视技术的迅速发展</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视具有优越的教学功能</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">知识传授功能</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">技能训练功能</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">扩大教学规模的功能</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教育电视学科的研究领域</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教育电视设备系统</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教育电视教材</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教育电视运用</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第一章</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材的特点</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材的类型</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材的含义</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教材的本质</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教材的发展</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材的发展</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材的定义</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教材的本质</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">由三个基本要素组成</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">:</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">信息</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">符号</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">媒介</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">信息是事物运动状态与规律的表征。教材中的信息即向学生传播的教学内容。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">符号:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">媒介是信息的载体。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教材三层次:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">传送</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">贮存</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">信息处理</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教材的发展</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">口头语言媒介阶段</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字媒介阶段</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">印刷媒介阶段</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电子媒介阶段</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、电视教材的教学特点</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">明确的教学目的,以大纲为依据,与文字教材相配合。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特定的教学对象。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">严格的科学性,艺术性要为科学性教育性服务。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">要贯彻教学原则和教学方法。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材的电视特点</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">以视觉形象为主,以活动图像为主。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用电视表现手段呈现事物现象的本质特征。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">视听结合,多维度传递信息内容。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">贮存再现,克服时空局限。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">传达方式多样化,适宜多种教学方式。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视手段呈现教学内容的局限性。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用电视表现手段呈现事物现象的本质特征</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Impact;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">变小为大,变大为小</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Impact;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">化快为慢,化慢为快</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Impact;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">变远为近,变内为外</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Impact;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">化繁为简,化难为易</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Impact;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">化虚为实,化实为虚</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视手段呈现教学内容的局限性</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Impact;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">过于抽象化,理论化的内容难以用相应图象表现。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Impact;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">需要摄像录像放像设备</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Impact;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">课堂上难以按每人的要求自如控制</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Impact;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用之自学或远距离教学时,师生难以交流</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第三节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材的类型</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材是用视听结合的方式来表现教学内容的,由于题材内容、表现形式和表达方式各不相同,因而分类方法十分广泛。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">常见的分类方法:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">按教育目的分类</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">按教育学科分类</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">按内容长度分类</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">按表达形式分类</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材的表达方式</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">讲授性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">以教师讲授为主,屏幕上出教师形象。课堂式讲授型</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">外景式讲授型</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">图解型</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""> </span></span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""> </span></span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体;">同时用图像和声音传递信息密度高速度快,大大提高教学效率。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">声画同步使理解加深,记忆牢固。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">充分发挥电视手段的长处。</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">戏剧型(表演型)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""> </span></span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span></span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体;">通过戏剧,游戏,访问与讨论等表演形式表现教学内容。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">综合型</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、按教学目的分类</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">思想教育片</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">知识教学片</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">技能教学片</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">体育教学片</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三、按内容长度分类</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">整门课程的电视教材</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">章节课程的电视教材</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">专题内容的电视教材</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">片段型内容的电视教材</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第二章</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材编制的理论基础</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></font></span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">心理学,传播学,艺术与美学,教育学</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第一节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材的教育学基础</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材与教育目的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材与教学大纲,教学计划</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材与教学原则</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材与教学方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材与教学原则</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">理论与实践</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">直科学型与思想性相结合</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">观与抽象</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">统一要求与因材施教</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">启发性</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">循序渐进</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">巩固性</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 62.95pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第三章</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第一节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材编制过程</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一系统课程电视教材的编制过程</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、<b>专题电视教材的编制过程</b></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第二节</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材编制人员的任务与要求</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、制作部门机构与人员</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编导的任务与要求</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none;"> </span></span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">即编写电视教材的稿本</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,“</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">导</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">即根据稿本按电视制作的规律</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">指导录制工作的全过程</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编稿</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">:1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">确定选题</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. 2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编文字稿本</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. 3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">协助导演指挥录制</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">导演</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">: 1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">协助编稿选课题</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据文字稿本写分镜头稿本</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">指导录制全过程</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材编导人员的素质要求</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编稿的业务素质要求</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">学科专业知识</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教育科学知识和教学经验</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">.<span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材编制的知识</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">导演的业务素质要求</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">掌握影视艺术的理论与技巧</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">掌握制作设备的功能使用</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有一定的教学实践经验</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">,--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教学原则方法</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有较广泛的学科专业知识</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">) </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视编导概说</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视编导</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一个新的职业群体</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视编导的素质</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视编导:一个新的职业群体</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">新闻、体育、一部分社教节目</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">记者身份外出</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">社教节目</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编导</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文艺节目</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编导、导演</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视剧、电视艺术片、电视文艺节目和晚会的执导者</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">导演</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有的大会实况、非体育性竞赛和体育节目的现场电视导播</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">导演</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">小结:电视编导涵盖了除硬新闻消息类节目以外的各种各样的有一定思想性、知识性、趣味性、娱乐性节目的编创人员。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视编导的素质</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">首先是一个新闻工作者(例</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:文艺节目的趋时性)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">应成为杂家(在博的基础上专,编导大多不是文人型的,而是实践型的)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">还是社会活动家(攻关能力:在社会上的生存能力。社会大学。)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">具备的个人气质和能力:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">灵性(创作中需要理性,更需要灵感,个人的艺术感觉,灵感多。灵性并不和学识、阅历有关)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">悟性(源于生活是本,高于生活便是悟性所在。独到的见解、洞察力,对人生社会的感悟。悟性是衡量编导知识水平和认识水平的试金石。树立正确的世界观,提高自己分析问题解决问题的能力)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">韧性(不怕困难,执著追求)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在业务上具备的能力</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字能力</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">语言表达能力(敢于上镜,有上镜的口才。主持人是资深记者)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头感(学习镜头语言、摄影、构图、影视语言的语法规则)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">精通电视编辑业务(技术设备)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">制作人员的职责</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材制作部负责人</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">提编制要求,定计划</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">任制作总监</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">安排调度工作</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">搞好经济核算</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">检查督促设备管理工作</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">制作人员的职责与要求</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机性能,操作技术</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头运动</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">构图</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">布光</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">按稿本要求</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">录像</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄录像设备,特技,控制台性能操作</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">录制信号,做场记</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">设备维护</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">美工</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">绘制字卡图表与图画,动画,片头片</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">熟悉录制过程</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">内景设计,搭制与绘景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">灯光</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">照明知识,布光,照明设计</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">灯光的调整与控制</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">灯具的管理与维护</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编辑</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编辑机性能操作方法</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">非线性编辑</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头组接理论技巧</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">录音</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">设备</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">同期录音后期录音</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">音响设计</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">解说</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">普通话准确,语调宏亮清晰</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">熟悉解说词和画面</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">与录音人员配合</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">管理人员的职责与要求</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">制片管理</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">制作计划管理</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">制作人员管理</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">制作经费管理</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">协助编导事务性工作</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">设备管理</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">设备维修</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">作业题</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结合实例叙述专题电视教材的编制过程。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">q</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">作为未来编导,你如何在工作学习中提高自己的素质?</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">编导篇</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主要章节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第四章:文字稿本的编写与创作</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第五章:电视手法与分镜头稿本</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第六章:电视教材导演工作</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第四章</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字稿本的编写与创作</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字稿本概述</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选题</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选型</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选材</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">人员与事物</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材稿本</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">界定:一种用文字及图示符号阐述电视教材编制的内容和形式的书面材料。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">种类:文字稿本</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">分镜头稿本</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">完成稿本</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第一节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字稿本概述</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字稿本的特性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教学性与科学性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象性与专用性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字稿本的作用</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)文字稿本是电视教材创作的基础</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字稿本确定了课题和主题思想</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字稿本基本确定了电视教材的结构</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字稿本基本确定了电视教材所采用的素材</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)文字稿本是编写分镜头稿本的依据</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字稿本的格式</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)讲稿式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用于编制讲授型电视教材</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)图解式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用于图解型电视教材</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)声画式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用于图解型,戏剧型和综合型电视教材</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面与解说词分开左右两边写</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面与解说词分开上下写</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面与解说词混合写</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">例</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">讲稿式</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">同学们,上节课我们讲了“知识的理解”,今天讲“知识的保存”(显字幕)。知识的保存在学习过程中起十分重要的作用,如果边学边忘,那就一无所得。所以我们要研究遗忘的规律。下面首先介绍:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">“一</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">关于保持问题的初始研究”(板书)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">德国心理学家艾宾浩斯</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">绘制了遗忘曲线(显示遗忘曲线)。学习后一小时,仅保持</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">44%</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(教鞭指示曲线图);</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--------<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">例</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">图解式</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">例</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">声画式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">左右两边写</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">例</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">声画式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">上下写(“生物进化”片段)</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面相继出现:松鼠、大象、蓝鲸、眼虫。镜头从眼虫拉开,生物进化示意图。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">“<i>生物是进化来的,这个认识来之不易,并且经过漫长、曲折的斗争过程,才被人们所承认</i>”。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">天空、云层、光芒四射。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">“<i>已经几千年了,总是认为:冥冥上天,存在一个有人格有意志的神,是自然和社会的主宰</i>。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">------<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">例</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">声画式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">混合写</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">铅笔人:当然了!他打开自己的身体,你们瞧,我分两个部分,身子是石墨和黏土做的,衣服是木头做的,</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">说完,铅笔人合上自己的身体,从桌子上跳到地上。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四个孩子赶紧往地上瞧。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---------<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第二节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选题</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、选题的意义</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选题即选择、确定编制电视教材的课题</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选题与选择教学手段相关。电视手段的长处发挥?</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选题是决定质量的最关键的问题之一。</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选题的原则</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)扬长避短原则</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><b>1</b></font></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、需用活动图象呈现教学内容的课题。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、需用电视动画和特技手法去呈现教</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">学内容的课题。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、需用电视手段去扩大教学规模的课题或课程</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)媒体选择率原则</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">媒体选择率</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">=</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教学效益</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">制作成本</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、教学的重点和难点</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、适用面广的基础课</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、思想政治教育的课题</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、珍贵的教学参考资料</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、要考虑制作技术和制作成本</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选题的程序</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">课题</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选题的步骤</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、提出选题</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、确定选题</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、制订选题计划</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">其栏目:<b>题目、学科专业、教学对象、教学目的要求、内容提要、录制建议、估计时间长度、备注</b></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第三节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选型</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">考虑编制电视教材的表达形式</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、选型的依据</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">依据教学内容</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">依据教学对象</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">依据教学组织形式</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">依据人员和物质条件</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选型的程序</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)综合考虑</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)逐一筛选</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第四节</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选材</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选材</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选择表现该课题教学内容的电视画面素材。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、选材的依据</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">依据教学大纲</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">文字教材作为重要的参考资料</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、选材的原则</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">直观形象性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">动作性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">典型性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">真实性与科学性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(外景素材不用替代物</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">影视材料</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">模型动画</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">情节演员</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教师)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>5<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">广度与深度</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三、</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选材的来源</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">现有的视听教材</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">外景现场拍摄的材料</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">演播室录制的材料(演示的材料</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">人物表演的材料</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电影、照片、图片的材料</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">美工和计算机制作的材料)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四、</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选题的程序</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">按照选材的来源顺序</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第五节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">人员与事物</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">人员</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教师</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">节目主持人</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">示范操作人员</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视表演人员</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">模拟的人物</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视学生</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">事物</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体事物(真实的事物</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">替代的事物</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特技处理的事物)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">陪体事物</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">背景事物</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第六节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象与抽象</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象、抽象与认知</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在形象的基础上抽象概括</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在事物形态基础上抽象概括</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在事物运动变化过程的基础上抽象概括</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">抽象概括的表达形式</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">动画与特技</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">目视符号</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">字幕(标题</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">事物现象的说明</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">重要的结论</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象与抽象要有机结合</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象的选取</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象与抽象的结合方式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">—</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">抽象</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">抽象</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">—</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">—</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">抽象</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">—</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形象</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第七节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结构</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结构的意义</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">将选定的素材按一定的顺序编排起来,即素材内容的组织工作</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">n</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结构要遵循教学规律</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">由形象到抽象,从现象到本质</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">由简到繁,由浅到深逐步展开</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">重复、慢节奏</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运用原理解释现象,用理论指导实践</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结构的类型和要素</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结构的类型</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">时间顺序结构(例</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">卫星发射、宾馆服务)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">空间结构(按位置方位、事物属性或事物的相对联系归类,如人体的生理结构,摄像机组成)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">扩展结构(每部分都有相对的独立性与完整性,却不重复原有内容,逐步扩展知识面)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">螺旋上升结构(有知识的重复,但又必须在原有基础上提高上升到一个新的高度)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)结构的要素</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">开头部分</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">交代主题,提出学习目的要求,引起学习兴趣。开门见山。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主题展开部分</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">问题要逐步深入,不断提出问题,解决问题。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">层次清楚段落分明可用标题字幕分割</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">重要的内容在结构上可以重复出现。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结构部分</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">进行总结或复习或提出启发性的问题</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">情节</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第八节</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">解说词</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">解说词的作用(图解型)</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">补充画面</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">提示画面</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">概括画面</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">强化画面</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">解说词的特点和要求</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">科学准确</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">精练简明</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">通俗口语化</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">解说词的形式</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">旁白的形式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">剧中人对白的形式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">讲授的形式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第九节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">怎样写好文字稿本</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">写前要充分准备</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">要按照统一格式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面要富有视觉形象</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">要写出完整的解说词</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">五</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">征求意见反复修改</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">六</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">努力学习勇于实践</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">分镜头的依据</span></b><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> </span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""> </span>1</span></b></font><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">视觉心理的规律</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">蒙太奇组接的原则</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm;"> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">分镜头稿本及其格式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜号</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">机号</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">技巧</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">时间</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">解说</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">音响</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">音乐</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font size="3"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">备注</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></font></p></td></tr>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">镜头的类别</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别镜头</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运动镜头</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主观镜头和客观镜头</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仰拍平拍俯拍</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">长镜头和短镜头景深镜头</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">空镜头</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">景别</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">------</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">指画面中主体的范围和视觉距离的变化。可分为远景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">全景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">近景和特写等。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">划分景别</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">------</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运用电视镜头表现手段,根据内容的需要,确定画面中主体的远近和大小</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: -62.95pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">景别变化方法</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用定焦距</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: -62.95pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头,选择不同的拍摄距离拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: -62.95pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在同一拍摄距离上,用变焦距</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 62.95pt; text-indent: -62.95pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21.1pt; text-indent: -21.1pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">远景的作用</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">展示巨大空间,交代地点环境</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表现宽广场面,展示雄伟气势</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">描写景物使之富有意境诗意,抒发感情。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">拍摄须知</span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">从大处着眼,看整体结构,表现空间感。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选择有伸向画面深处的景物线条来表现空间。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">适当安排前景,用明显的大小对比来显示距离。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用侧光,侧逆光来丰富画面的影调层次。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">全景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">包括被摄对象或画面主体的全貌和周围的环境。<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm;">作用</span>:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">交代事件发生的环境及主体和环境的关系</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表现气氛,展示大幅度的动作。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有明确的内容中心。<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm;">拍摄须知</span>:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结构全景画面,应注意主体结构上的完整和内容上的丰富</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">突出主体整体的富有特征的轮廓线条</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选择前景,加强空间感</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选择与主体色调不同的背景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">中景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">包括画面主要拍摄对象或主体的主要部分。若主体是人,一般取膝盖以上部分;若主体是几个人的活动,则取能反映主要情节的部分;若主体是物,则取表征该物体特征的部分。</span></b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">作用</span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体形象为主,以动作情节取胜。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表达人物间的感情交流和相互关系。<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm;">近景</span></span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">包括主要被摄对象或主体的更为主要的部分。若主体是人,则取胸部以上部分。</span></b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">作用</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表现物体的细部特征。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">突出人物的神情<span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm;">中景近景拍摄须知</span>:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中景画面应既能看到环境,又能人的活动和人物之间的交流</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意用光,表现形状和质感</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span></b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">特写</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">把主要拍摄对象或主体的某一局部充满画面。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体是人,取景范围肩部以上。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">构图单一。揭示对象内在的动感和本质。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刻画人的心理活动和情绪。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">交代不为人注意的事物。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">空间感不强,用于转场时的过渡画面。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span></b><b><span style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm; font-family: 宋体;">近景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特写使用须知:近景特写用于强调,引起观众的强调。其缺点在于不能反映主体所处的周围环境。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第六章</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视教材导演工作</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><v:line id="_x0000_s1028" style="z-index: 3; left: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: left;" strokecolor="white" to="5in,10.8pt" from="5in,-367.2pt"><v:shadow color="black"></v:shadow></v:line><v:line id="_x0000_s1027" style="z-index: 2; left: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: left;" strokecolor="white" to="546pt,10.8pt" from="-78pt,10.8pt"><v:shadow color="black"></v:shadow></v:line><v:line id="_x0000_s1026" style="z-index: 1; left: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: left;" strokecolor="white" to="66pt,10.8pt" from="66pt,-367.2pt"><v:shadow color="black"></v:shadow></v:line><v:line id="_x0000_s1029" style="z-index: 4; left: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: left;" strokecolor="white" to="468pt,10.8pt" from="468pt,-367.2pt"><v:shadow color="black"></v:shadow></v:line><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">专题电视教材教学指导书(数学课)实例</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">对象:小学六年级</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">课题:负数</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教学目的:介绍负数的意义</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">内容要点:略</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">播放前的教学准备:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">播放后的教学活动:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">课外活动:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">学生手册的作业答案:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">与您共勉</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">思考与问答:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机由几部分构成?其中对摄像操作最重要的是哪部分?</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机与录像机的调整</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">聚焦调整</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)目的(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)方法:</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">滤色片的调整</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)滤光片</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中性滤光片</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">ND —1/4ND<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)色温片:能将不同光源的色温变换为</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3200K</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">例:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">SONY DXC-M3A</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>3200K</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">滤色片</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">卤钨灯、</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日出光、日落光</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>5600K</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">滤色片</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">斜射</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日光、阴雨天</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5600K+1/4ND</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">滤色片</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">午间明亮日光</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">黑白平衡的调整</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)目的:真实还原彩色图像。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)黑平衡调整</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)白平衡调整</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">开机后,选择与拍摄环境光照条件合适的滤色片。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">光圈置于自动。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头对着标准白色物体,变焦与调焦,使白色物体图像占屏幕</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">80%</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">以上。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">接通自动白平衡开关,</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">WHITE OP---WHITE OK</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">即可。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">光圈调整</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)自动光圈用于被摄物照度比较均匀,明暗反差不大的情况下。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)手动光圈</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)锁定自动光圈</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">增益调整</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)目的</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)使用:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">0db</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">正常情况下用,图像信噪比高,清晰度好。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>9db</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在低照度的环境下,即打开光圈还无法拍摄清楚的情况下</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18db<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">录像机记录调整</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)检查记录帽</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)调整视频记录电平</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>VIDEO--AUTO<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)调整音频电平</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> AUDIO--MAN<o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄录程序</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">连结各个设备</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">接通电源,用彩条信号和话筒校正。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">打开镜头盖,选择合适光圈,色温滤色片,增益等。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">调整黑白平衡。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">正式摄录。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三、摄像机操作五大要领</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">平、稳、匀、准、清</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、平</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:借助三脚架水平仪上的气泡校正水平。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:以寻像器的边框作为水平参照。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">借助寻像器的横边与景物的地平线平行,其纵边与垂直线平行。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 31.6pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、稳</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:使用三脚架</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:注意持机方式</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:控制呼吸</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:利用身旁的依靠物</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:优先使用镜头的广角端拍摄</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:启动防震功能</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">持机方式</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、准</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拍摄对象、范围、起幅落幅、镜头运动、景深运用、焦点变化等都要准确。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">Ø</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">例如对推镜头、摇镜头而言,镜头运动结束应该是落幅画面的最佳构图</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">最好的方法就是实际拍摄前先预演几遍,做到心中有数。</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21.1pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、匀</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运动速度要匀</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电动变焦实施推拉操作时应注意变焦调节钮的运用</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摇摄也要注意摇速的均匀。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> “</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">照顾落幅,将就起幅</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">移动拍摄时操纵和控制好移动工具,使其保持匀速运动。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头跟随一个运动对象作同步运动拍摄时</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><b>5</b></font></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、清</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">成像清晰</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">通过聚焦控制实现焦点虚实变化</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">通过光圈焦距的运用,合理控制景深,保证图像清晰。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四、拍摄注意事项</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、暂停状态不宜过长</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、每个镜头提前录制</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5-10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">秒</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、拍摄一场戏或一个动作结束时,不要马上停机,应该多录几秒钟。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、转场镜头。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、全景镜头。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、做场记,利于后期编辑。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、注意考虑不同景别的搭配。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、尽量采用顺光或侧光拍摄。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、尽量避免画面中出现高光点。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、使用摄像管摄象机时,阳光不能直射镜头,以免烧伤摄像管。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、使用前务必调整白平衡。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">思考与实践</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像员用什么方法操作摄像机,才能达到摄像要领的要求,保证镜头的完美性?请在外拍实验时注意体会。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第三节</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拍摄角度的分类</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">几何角度</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">垂直平面角度(摄像高度)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">水平平面角度(摄像方向)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">心理角度</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">客观性角度</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主观性角度</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像高度</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像高度是指摄像机镜头与被摄主体在垂直平面上的相对位置或说相对高度。分为平角(平摄),俯角(俯摄),仰角(仰摄)。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">平角(平摄)</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">产生平视效果</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">造型效果和感情色彩<b>:</b></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)被摄对象不易变形,平等、客观、公正、冷静、亲切。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)画面结构稳固、安定,形象主体平凡、和谐,新闻摄像常用。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)平摄与移动摄像结合,使人产生身临其境之感,多用于新闻纪实性节目。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)用长焦距镜头平拍,可将纵向运动的物体较长时间的保留在画面中,形象饱满,可造成拥挤、堵塞等夸张效果。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意事项</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">避免地平线平均分割画框的构图</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">呆板、单调</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">俯角(俯摄)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">造型效果和感情色彩<b>:</b></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)画面中地平线上升,有利于表现景物的层次、数量、地理位置及盛大的场面,画面严谨、实在,有深远辽阔感。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)表现人物的活动时,宜于展示人物的方位和阵势。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)表现事件的整体气氛,矛盾双方的力量对比和相互关系。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)拍人时,显得萎缩、低矮,有贬低、蔑视感。视觉重量感变小。</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意事项</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在拍摄近景人物或以人物情感交流为主的中、近景画面时,不宜随便使用俯摄。</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仰角(仰摄)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">当摄像机镜头低于被摄主体向上拍摄,称为仰角(仰摄),产生仰视效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">造型效果和感情色彩<b>:</b></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)画面中地平线下降,常出现以天空或其他特定物体为背景的画面,背景净化,突出主体。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)强调在垂直方向伸展的被摄体的高度和气势。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)前景突显,背景压缩,用广角拍摄时,产生强烈的透视效果。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)仰拍跳跃、腾空时,夸张,视觉冲击力强。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)主体高大挺拔,有权威性,视觉重量感变大。画面带有赞颂、敬仰、自豪、骄傲等感情色彩,表现崇高、庄严、伟大的气概和情绪。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意事项</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">广角近距离仰摄易使人物变形。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像方向</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像方向是指摄像机镜头与被摄主体在水平平面上一周</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">360</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">度的相对位置。分为正面、背面和侧面。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">正面方向拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机镜头在被摄主体的正前方向进行拍摄。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面的形象特征和意境</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)有利于表现正面特征,显示出庄严、稳定、静穆的气氛。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)正拍人物,表现完整的脸部特征和表情动作。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)正拍平角度近景,有利于画面人物与观众面对面的交流,</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">参与感亲切感。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">缺陷</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)画面透视感差,缺乏立体感和空间感。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)若画面布局不合理,呆板无生气,无主次之分。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">正侧面方向拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机镜头在与被摄主体正面方向成</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">90</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">度的位置上进行拍摄,即正左方和正右方。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面的形象特征和意境</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)有利于表现运动姿态和富有变化的外沿轮廓线条。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)拍摄双方对话交流时,多方兼顾,平等对待。</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">缺陷</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">不利于展示立体空间。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">斜侧面方向拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机镜头在被摄对象正面、背面和正侧面以外的任意一个水平方向进行的拍摄,即右前方、左前方、右后方、左后方。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面的形象特征和意境</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)产生明显的形体透视变化。画面生动有较强的纵深感和立体感。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)起到分出主次,突出两者之一的作用。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)有利于安排主体与陪体。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">背面方向拍摄</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">从被摄对象的背后即正后方进行拍摄。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面的形象特征和意境</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)画面表现的视向与被摄主体的视向一致,给人强烈的主观参与感。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)具有不确定性,有悬念,引起想象。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)利用人物的姿态动作表现心理活动。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">客观性角度和主观性角度</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">客观性角度指依据常人日常生活中的观察习惯而进行的旁观式的拍摄。是基础性的、主流形态的拍摄角度。画面平易亲切,贴近生活。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主观性角度</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主观性角度是一种模拟画面主体(人、动物、植物和一切运动的物体)的视点和视觉印象来进行拍摄的角度。出人意料、不同寻常,引起观众强烈的心理感应。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">总结与强调</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">对同一被摄对象来说,不同方向、不同角度的造型表现将会得到不同的视觉形象和画面结构。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拍摄角度的不同,直接决定了画面上形象主体的轮廓和线形构架,决定了画面的光影结构、位置关系和感情倾向。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面造型的新颖在很大程度上取决于拍摄角度的独特。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第四节</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面构图概说</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">构图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在电视拍摄中把被摄对象及各种造型元素有机地组织、选择和安排,以塑造视觉形象,构成画面样式的一种创作活动。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">从本质上说,构图是指画面的形式结构,它必须要为主题和内容服务。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">构图的主要任务是突出主体形象。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视画面构图的特点</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)动态性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)时限性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)多视点</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)画幅的固定性和构图处理的现场一次性。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)构图结构的整体性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<b> </b></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视画面构图的基本要求</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)画面要简洁</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)主体要突出</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)立意要明确</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)画面应具有表现力和造型美感</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)运动构图的处理(两种情况)</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面构图的形式元素</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">构成视觉形象的“原材料”</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">光线、色彩、影调、线条、形状等元素。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">光线</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">光线是电视画面构图的基础和灵魂。光线先行。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">色彩</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">光线赋予电视画面以生命,色彩给电视画面注入情感。(画笔和调色板)。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">影调</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">影调是指画面中的影像所表现出的明暗层次和明暗关系。是处理画面造型、构图及烘托气氛、表达情感、反映创作意图的重要手段。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)从画面明暗分布的倾向划分</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">高调(亮调、明调、单调子、轻调子)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">明快、纯洁</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">低调(暗调、深调、重调)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">凝重、肃穆</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中间调</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">明暗均衡、浓淡相间、层次丰富</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)从画面明暗对比(反差)的倾向划分</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">硬调:明暗对比强烈,层次少</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">粗犷、硬朗</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">软调(柔调):画面缺少最亮最暗的调子,对比弱,反差小</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">柔和、含蓄、细腻</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中间调(标准调):明暗分布均衡、层次丰富</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">线条</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">线条指画面影像所表现出的明暗分界线和形象之间的连接线。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)根据线条所处的位置不同</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">外部线条(轮廓线)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">内部线条(表面特征之一)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)根据形式不同</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">直线</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">水平线:宽阔</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">垂直线:高耸、刚直</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">斜线:动感、纵深感</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">曲线:流动感、韵律感、和谐感</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">实线、虚线</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视画面的结构成分</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">怎样理解和处理画面中各视觉形象之间的相互关系?</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">怎样对电视画面加以合理地经营布局?</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电视画面应是主从关系、前后对映、立体透视的画面空间结构。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体是电视画面中所要表现的主要对象,是画面的内容中心,兴趣中心,结构中心。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面主体的表现方法</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)直接表现法</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)间接表现法</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">陪体</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">陪体的作用</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)补充说明主体</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)渲染烘托主体</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)均衡美化画面</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">场面调度中主体与陪体的关系</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)主体和陪体同时出现</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)主体和陪体不同时出现</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体先于陪体出现</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">陪体先于主体出现</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">前景</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">前景的作用</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)帮助主体直接表达主题、交代内容。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)表现时间概念、季节特征、地方色彩,有助于表现现场的气氛。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)强化纵深感和空间感</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)均衡构图和美化画面</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)运动摄像中,增强节奏感和韵律感。</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">前景运用</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)必须为主体的突出和主题的表现服务。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)应弱于主体的表现。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)要富有装饰色彩,构图要美。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">背景</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">背景的作用</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)表明主体所处的环境、位置和现场氛围。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)帮助主体揭示画面的内容和主题。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)产生多层景物的造型效果和透视感,空间感。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">背景应用</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)背景的影调色调应与主体有一定的对比。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)主体的背景应坚持减法原则。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">背景的清晰度和趣味性不应超过主体。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">构图形式</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据构图形式的内在性质不同:</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)静态构图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面造型元素及画面结构均无明显变化。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)动态构图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)单构图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一个镜头中只表现一种构图组合形式,不发生结构变化。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)多构图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面结构关系和构图样式连续或间断地发生变化。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">以外在线形结构区分</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)水平线构图(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)垂直线构图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)斜线构图(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)曲线构图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)黄金分割式构图(</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)九宫格式构图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运用构图知识,分析影视片段。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">与您共勉</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">科学学法</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第六节</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运动摄像</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">机位、光轴、焦距三不变(画面框架静止不动)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">不仅能表现静态的对象,同样能表现动态的对象。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运动摄像</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">推摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)画面特征</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">视觉前移效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有明确的主体目标(起幅、推进、落幅)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体由小变大,环境由大变小。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)推镜头的功用和表现力</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">突出主体人物和重点对象。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">突出细节和重要的情节因素。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在一个镜头中,介绍整体和局部、客观环境与主体人物的关系。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别不断变化,有连续前进蒙太奇式句子的作用。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">推速的快慢影响节奏,产生外化的情绪力量。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)推镜头的拍摄及应注意的问题</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">推镜头应有其明确的表现意义。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">推镜头的重点是落幅。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">推进中,应始终注意保持主体在画面结构中心的位置。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">推进速度要要与画面内的情绪和节奏相一致。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在移推中,焦点要跟上。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拉摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)画面特征</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">视觉后移效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">被摄主体由大变小,环境由小变大。(起幅、拉出、落幅)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)拉镜头的功用和表现力</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表现主体和环境的关系。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">取景范围从小到大,画面感情上的余韵。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">构图呈多结构变化。时空完整和连贯。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">局部到整体,调动观众的想象和猜测。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头内部节奏由紧到松,能发挥</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">常用作结束性或结论性的镜头。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">作转场镜头。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)拉镜头的拍摄及其要求</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拉开过程中,保持主体在画面结构中心的位置。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面拉开后,视域范围的控制。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拉镜头速度的把握,节奏的控制。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摇摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">水平横摇、垂直纵摇、间歇摇、环形摇、斜摇、甩镜头。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)画面特点</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摇镜头犹如</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">……<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一个完整的摇镜头,起幅、摇动、落幅。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)摇镜头的功用和表现力</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">展示空间,扩大视野。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有利于通过小景别画面包容更多的视觉信息。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">交代同一场景中两个物体的内在联系。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">将性质意义相近或相反的两个主体连接,表示暗喻、对比、并列、因果关系。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">间歇摇表现三个以上主体的联系。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">甩镜头稳定的起幅</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">…….<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">追摇表现运动主体的动态、动势、运动方向、运动轨迹。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">对一组相同或相似的画面主体用摇的方式让它们逐个出现,可形成一种积累效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">9</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摇出一个意外之物,制造悬念。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用摇表现一种主观镜头。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">11</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用非水平的倾斜摇、旋转摇表现一种特定的情绪和气氛。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用于画面的转场。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)摇镜头拍摄要求</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有明确的目的性。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摇速应与画面内的情绪对应。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">讲求整个摇动过程的完整与和谐。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">移摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">前移动、后移动、横移、曲线移动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)画面特征</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画框始终处于运动之中,画面内物体呈现出位置不断移动的态势。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">唤起了人们在各种交通工具及行走时的视觉体验,身临其境。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">横移示意图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)移动镜头的作用和表现力</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">开拓了画面的造型空间,创造出独特的视觉艺术效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在表现大场面、大纵深、多景物、多层次的复杂场景时具有其实恢宏的造型效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表现某种主观倾向,真实感、现场感。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">这个移镜头中近处的铁轨和护栏从眼前飞快掠过,远处的群山、村庄和田野却长时间停留在画面中,景物远近感快慢感明显,立体感强,模拟了人们坐在行使的车辆上眺望窗外的视觉效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机围绕雕塑转了一圈移动拍摄,雕塑的正面、侧面、背面特征以及背景得到连续完整的展现。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主观镜头</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)移动镜头的拍摄要求</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">平稳。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">广角拍摄动感强且平稳。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">五</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">跟摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">前跟、后跟、侧跟</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)跟镜头的特点</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面始终跟随一个运动的主体。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">被摄对象在画框中的位置及景别相对固定。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3<span style=""> </span></font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意区分</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">推镜头:明确的主体,景别大到小。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">前移镜头:无具体的主体。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">跟镜头:始终有一个具体的运动主体,相对固定的景别。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">前跟</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">前移</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">推摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)跟镜头的作用</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">突出主体,交代主体的运动方向、速度、体态、及其与环境的关系。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">通过人物引出环境。运动的主体不变,静止的背景变化的造型效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">后跟视点同一,表现一种主观性镜头。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">重要的纪实性意义。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)跟镜头拍摄时应注意的问题</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">跟上、追准</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">被摄对象。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">六</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">升降拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)画面造型特点</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">带来画面视域的的扩展和收缩。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形成多角度、多方位的多构图效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)升降镜头的功能和表现力</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有利于表现高大物体的各个局部。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有利于表现纵深空间中的点面关系。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用来展示事件或场面的规模、气势和氛围。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">七</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">综合运动摄像</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)综合运动镜头特征</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">产生更为复杂多变的画面造型效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运动轨迹是多方向、多方式运动合一后的效果。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)综合运动镜头的作用和表现力</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有利于在一个镜头中记录和表现一个场景中一段相对完整的情节。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形成画面造型形式美的主要手段。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有利于再现现实生活的动态流程。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">形成画面形象与音乐一体化的节奏感。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)综合运动镜头的拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">除特殊需要,镜头运动应力求保持平稳。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头运动的每次转换应力求与人物动作和方向转换一致,与情绪发展的转换相一致,形成画面外部变化与画面内部变化完美结合。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意焦点变化。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">所有坚忍不拔的努力迟早会取得报酬的。</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(法)</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">安格尔</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第二节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头的类别</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>1<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运动镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>3<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主观镜头和客观镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>4<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仰拍</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">平拍</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">俯拍</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>5<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">长镜头和短镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景深镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>6<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">空镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、拍摄距离</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><i><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别的划分</span></i><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">------</font></span><b><i><span style="font-family: 宋体;">指画面中主体的范围和视觉距离的变化。可分为远景</span></i></b><b><i><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: 宋体;">全景</span></i></b><b><i><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中景</span></i></b><b><i><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-family: 宋体;">近景和特写等。</span></i></b><b><i><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">划分景别</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">------</font></span><b><i><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运用电视镜头表现手段,根据内容的需要,确定画面中主体的远近和大小</span></i></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">以人为标准划分景别的示意图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别变化方法</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用定焦距镜头,选择不同的拍摄距离拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在同一拍摄距离上,用变焦距镜头拍摄</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">远景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">展示巨大空间,交代地点环境。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表现宽广场面,展示雄伟气势。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">描写景物使之富有意境诗意,抒发感情。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">全景</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">--</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">包括被摄对象或画面主体的全貌和周围的环境。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">交代事件发生的环境及主体和环境的关系。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表现气氛,展示大幅度的动作。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有明确的内容中心。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">全景</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拍摄须知</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">结构全景画面,应注意主体结构上的完整和内容上的丰富。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">突出主体整体的富有特征的轮廓线条。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选择前景,加强空间感。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选择与主体色调不同的背景。</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中景</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">包括画面主要拍摄对象或主体的主要部分。若主体是人,一般取膝盖以上部分。</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体形象为主,以动作情节取胜。</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表达人物间的感情交流和相互关系。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">近景</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br><font face="Times New Roman">----</font></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">包括主要被摄对象或主体的更为主要的部分。若主体是人,则取胸部以上部分。</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">突出人物的神情</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表现物体的细部特征。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中景</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">近景</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拍摄须知</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">中景画面应既能看到环境,又能人的活动和人物之间的交流</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意用光,表现形状和质感</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特写</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">把主要拍摄对象或主体的某一局部充满画面。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体是人,取景范围肩部以上。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">构图单一。揭示对象内在的动感和本质。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">刻画人的心理活动和情绪。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">交代不为人注意的事物。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">空间感不强,用于转场时的过渡画面。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">近景</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">---</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特写</span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">使用须知:</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">近景特写用于强调,引起观众的强调。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">其缺点在于不能反映主体所处的周围环境</span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">小结</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别的划分是相对的。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">不同的景别,对描写内容起不同的作用。引起观众不同的反应,造成不同的节奏。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">确定景别,是导演摄像师创作构思的重要组成部分。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">作业题:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><i><span style="font-family: 宋体;">欣赏录象片段,结合实例思考并写出各景别的功能?</span></i></b><b><i><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></i></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像基本功</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头拍摄</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拍好固定镜头是走进电视摄像艺术殿堂的第一步。</span></b><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span style=""> </span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、释义</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头是指摄像机在机位、光轴、焦距三不变的条件下(画框不变)拍摄的一段连续的电视画面。需要特别强调的是三个条件缺一不可。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">不管被摄对象是静态的还是运动的,只要摄像机在拍摄时遵守了</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三不变</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,拍到的镜头就是固定镜头。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、固定镜头的画面特点</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><br></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头的画面最大的特点就是画框不动,画面外部运动消失(与运动镜头画面相比摄像机没有推拉摇移变焦等动作)。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头画面的景别、拍摄角度、透视关系等基本不变,画面中景物范围大小始终不变。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头画面视点稳定,合乎观众的欣赏习惯。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三、固定镜头的用途</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、用固定镜头表现</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">静</span></b><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US">”</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用大景别固定镜头画面交待地点和环境</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用小景别固定镜头画面突出表现静态人物</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头有利于表现静态对象</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头画面更富有静态造型之美</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头有助于表现客观性和现场性</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头可以表现</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">过去时</span></b><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US">”<span style=""> </span></span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、用固定镜头表现</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定镜头可以真实记录运动</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用静态的画框可以强化动感</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四、固定镜头拍摄注意事项</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">以不变应万变</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">稳字当头</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">静中有动</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">完美构图</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">立体造型</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">瞻前顾后</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">用一组镜头表现同一个被摄对象时,应瞻前顾后,注意相临镜头的景别和角度要有所区别。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">入画出画</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像的轴线规则</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第七节</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、什么是轴线</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">轴线是指一条假想的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">线</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、虚拟的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">线</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。这种</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">轴线</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">大体可以分为三种:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第一种是方向轴线。第二种是运动轴线。第三种是关系轴线。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方向轴线是由被摄对象的视线方向、脸的朝向形成的轴线(图</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)。这种方向轴线是一条假想的直线。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运动轴线是被摄体运动方向或运动轨迹形成的轴线(图</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)。根据运动方向和运动轨迹的不同,这种轴线可能是直线也可能是曲线。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">关系轴线是由人与人或者人与物进行交流的位置关系形成的轴线(图</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)。这种轴线是一条直线。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、什么是轴线规则</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">有了轴线,就要按轴线规则办事,要在</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">线</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的一侧活动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像机要在轴线一侧</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">180</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">度之内的区域设置机位进行拍摄,不能随意越过轴线拍摄。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">拍摄时遵守了轴线规则,就能保证被摄对象在电视画面空间中的正确位置和方向的统一,这是形成画面空间统一感,构成视觉方位系统一致性的基本条件</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三、什么是越轴</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">越轴就是指摄像机违反轴线规则,先在轴线的一侧拍摄对象,又跨过轴线到轴线的另一侧区域对这个对象进行拍摄。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">越轴?可以在镜头组接时用组接技巧进行补救,另一方面,可以在拍摄时注意运用拍摄手法合理过渡。让主体动作方向的变化呈现在画面之中,或者中间插入一个中性的不带明显方向的镜头间隔一下,淡化前后两个镜头的跳轴感。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">措施一,插入骑轴镜头。(图)</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">措施二,插入空镜头。</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">措施三,利用移动镜头越轴</span></b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(图)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">措施四,在一个镜头中表现运动主体运动方向的改变。</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像的三角形原理</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <br><span style=""> </span></font></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第八节</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三角形原理就是轴线规则的进一步延伸,更方便更实用。所谓三角形,就是指在轴线一侧选择三个位置点,三个点相连形成三角形,摄像机的机位可以设置在这三个点上。由于在这三个点上拍摄的镜头符合轴线规则,因此按照三角形原理拍摄的镜头组接在一起,可以保持视线方向和空间位置的一致和连贯。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、水平关系轴线下的机位三角形</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、内反拍三角形(图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、外反拍三角形(图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、平行三角形(图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、主观三角形(图</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、倾斜关系轴线下的机位三角形</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 9pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">以上的各种机位三角形原理都适用。只是在每一机位上拍摄时还要同时考虑视平线规则,即除了考虑水平面上的机位设置以外,还要考虑垂直方向上镜头视点的高度。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">与您共勉</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">希望是坚韧的拐杖,忍耐是旅行袋。携带它们,人可以走完世界,登上永恒之旅。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(英)罗素</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第八章</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第一节</span></b><b><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">照明器材</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">由电光源、灯具、灯架、调光设备等组成。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电光源</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)电光源特性参数</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">额定电压</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">额定功率</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">光通量输出</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">发光效率</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">寿命</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">光谱能量分布</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">色温</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 8 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">显色指数</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Ra<o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二)电光源种类</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">卤钨灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">氙</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镝</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三基色荧光灯管</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二照明灯具</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)聚光型灯具</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">投射光斑集中、亮度高、边缘轮廓清晰、大小可以调节,光线方向性强、易于控制,能使被摄物产生明显的阴影。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">菲涅尔聚光灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">椭面聚光灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注光灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">回光灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">便携式电瓶灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)散光型灯具</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">漫反射式灯具,投射光斑发散、亮度低、边缘成像模糊、散射面积大,光线没有特定方向,且柔和、均匀,被照物不产生明显的阴影。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">新闻灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四联散光灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">天幕散光灯与顶光散光灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">外景散光灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>5 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三基色荧光灯</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">灯架装置</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)落地式灯架</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)悬挂式灯架</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">固定式悬挂灯架</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">移动式悬挂灯架</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)夹子式灯架</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">调光设备</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">可控硅调光设备</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">五</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">灯光控制</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">控制灯光的亮度</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">控制灯光的照射范围</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">控制灯光的影子</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)光影规律(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)消影方法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)影子造型</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第二节</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用各种摄像照明器材,运用人工照明方法,按照光线不同的造型效果,对被摄物布置不同距离、方位、高度以及不同强弱性质的灯光,从而增强被摄物的立体感、质感、纵深感与艺术感。布光要遵循自然光的照射规律,符合人们的生活习惯与视觉心理。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">布光的光型</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">辅光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">轮廓光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">背景光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">装饰光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">效果光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">场景光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">布光程序</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)大场面布光程序</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">先布场景光,后布背景光,再布主体光(主体光先布主光,再辅光,再轮廓光)。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)小场面布光程序</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">先布主体光,后布背景光。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">静态布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)三维物体布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运用主光、辅光、轮廓光三种基本光进行照明布置,能将三维物体的立体感、质感和纵深感的基本造型呈现在二维电视屏幕上。这种基本布光方法又叫三点布光。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)人脸布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">水平钟面</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">垂直钟面</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)反光物体的布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(四)荧屏物体布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(五)群体布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">分别布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一灯多用布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">分组布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">整体布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">动态布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">对运动的被摄物布光和摄像机运动时的布光。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)被摄物运动的布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">大面积布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">分区布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">连续布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)摄象机运动时的布光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第三节</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">摄像采光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">自然光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日出光与日落光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">斜射日光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">午间顶光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">日光的光位</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">顺光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">顺侧光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">侧光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">侧逆光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">逆光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">反光板采光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">四</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">混合光</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">混合光是指自然光、人工光或不同色温的光源同时并用的照明光线。混合光摄像时要调整、统一色温。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)室内混合光(先确定以低色温还是高色温为统一色温。)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)室外混合光(不论以自然光为主,还是以灯光为主,都是以高色温为统一色温)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">与您共勉</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">命运,不过是失败者无聊的自慰,不过是懦弱者的自嘲,人们的前途只能靠自己的意志,自己的努力来决定。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(中国)矛盾</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第九章</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第一节</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教育电视节目画面编辑的意义</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、画面编辑是教育电视节目编制工作的基本环节</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、画面编辑是编导确定风格进行艺术再创造的必要手段</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三、通过画面编辑创造新的时空关系</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第二节</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面编辑的基本规律</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">人们有将两个相临事物联系起来考虑的倾向。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">人们有忽略次要情节的倾向。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">人们对事物有先后、远近或相反观察的定势。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">人们观察事物在一定时间内总带有一致性。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第三节</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头的选择</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选择镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">选择镜头的因素</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">内容主题、视觉愿望、风格统一、编导素质。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头运动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2<span style=""> </span></font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头长度(长句式、短句式)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主观镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">客观镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>5 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">空镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第四节</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">换镜头的目的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">向观众展示新的东西。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">给观众换一个视角。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">把观众引向事物的各个方面和电视时空的各个因素上去。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">与您共勉</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">要有坚强的意志,卓越的能力以及坚持要达到目的的恒心,此外都是细节。</span></b><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""> </span><span style=""> </span></span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US">——</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(德)歌德</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第四节</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头的组接</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一镜头组接的原则</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">合乎教育规律和思维规律</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">遵循轴线规律</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">动接动</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">静接静</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意机位景别变化</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">保持影调色彩统一</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">轴线规律</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">轴线规律</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据导演的场景调度,在同一场景中拍摄相连镜头时,为保证被摄对象在画面空间中的正确位置和方向的统一,摄像角度的处理要遵循的规律,即在轴线一侧</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">180</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">度之内设置拍摄角度。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">轴线</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">被摄对象的视线方向、运动方向和对象之间关系所形成的一条假定的直线。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">动接动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">静接静</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面内主体的运动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头的运动</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">静</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面内静止的主体</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">画面本身是固定的</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">起幅</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">落幅</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">动接动:注意运动方向的一致性。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">静接静:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头组接要注意机位、景别的变化</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">同机位、同景别、同主体的两个镜头不能组接。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别差别不大时,必须改变机位。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意轴线,景别变化循序渐进。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">实现镜头组接连贯流畅的技巧</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">逻辑上的流畅不一定保证视觉上的流畅。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头转换的几种情况:</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">统一时空下的转换</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style=""> </span>2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">转场</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">同一主体镜头的转场</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">不同主体镜头间的转换。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)利用画面因素外在的相似形、共同性进行组接</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用主体运动方面的相似性</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">相似的主体造型</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">主体结构的相似形</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">相似的背景</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">色调影调的共同性</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景别</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">特殊视角的共同性</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">8</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">镜头运动的共同性</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)利用画面内在的一致性、连贯性组接</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据主体运动方向的视觉一致性</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据物体运动变化的视觉连贯性(动接静、静接动)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用过渡镜头转场(过渡性间隔镜头的选用)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用镜头和造型手段的运动变化组接(推拉摇移俯仰</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">景深变化和对焦变化</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">照明、布景、道具等造型手段)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">关于切换</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用纯技巧方式组接,保证镜头流畅</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">关于纯技巧组接</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">淡变</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">淡出淡入(渐隐渐显)</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">注意区分</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">X</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">淡变、</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">V</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">淡变、</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">U</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">淡变</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">淡变过程给观众以明显的缓冲、停顿的感觉</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">品位上一段,期待下一段</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">段落的开始和结束</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">化变(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">X</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">淡变、溶变)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表示时间的流逝和环境的变迁</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">连续出现同一主体的许多镜头时起缓和作用,避免视觉跳动,并增强真实感</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">使画面重叠,表回忆、想象、倒叙、暗示、补充、对比等场面。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">划变(电子拉幕、扫换)</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">圈出圈入</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">定格和快慢动作</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">转场方式</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用动作</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用出画、入画</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用物体</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用因果关系</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Wingdings;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">v</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">利用声音</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">三</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">创造新的时空关系、逻辑关系和屏幕效果</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(一)镜头转换方式的作用</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)蒙太奇表现手法</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">连续蒙太奇</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">平行蒙太奇</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">对比蒙太奇</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">比喻(象征)蒙太奇</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">重复(积累</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">蒙太奇</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">关于内部蒙太奇和外部蒙太奇</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第五节</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">教育电视节目的声音编辑</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> <o:p></o:p></font></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">声音编辑的重要性</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">声画关系的基本形式:声画分立</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">声画合一</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">声音编辑的种类</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">解说词配合画面的位置选择</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)解释补充画面内容时,应与画面同步进行。(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)起提示作用时,解说词应放在一组镜头的开始。(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)属总结概括性的解说词,应放在一组镜头的结束阶段。</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><b><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(二)音乐的编辑</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">写实音乐和背景音乐</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">背景音乐的功能</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)填补背景空白</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)声音转场</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(三)音响编辑</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(四)组合编辑与插入编辑</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 22pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(五)非线形编辑</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第六节</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">节奏的处理</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">第七节</span><span style=""><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">怎样写好分镜头稿本</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">钻研文字稿本和有关资料</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">熟悉拍摄题材</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">构思分镜头</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">按格式填写</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 0cm; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; font-family: Arial;" lang="EN-US"><span style="">•</span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">要重视分镜头稿本写作</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 16pt;"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><o:p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></o:p></span></p>
作者:
向往天空
时间:
2011-6-22 00:02
这份学习资料很给力,谢谢分享了~~~~~~
作者:
清风扬帆
时间:
2011-6-24 00:02
很全,很好
作者:
春风化雨
时间:
2011-10-14 21:58
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